Blauner Hypothesis Essay

Disucussion on the Noel and Blauner Hypotheses At the point when two unmistakable gatherings originally come into contact with one another, the states of that gathering can decide the destiny and form the relations of the two gatherings for ages. This is known as the â€Å"Contact Situation.† Donald Noel and Robert Blauner have dissected this underlying contact and created speculations that guide in the comprehension of this period of the between bunch relations. Donald Noel and Robert Blauner The Noel theory perceives that there are three fragments to the contact circumstance, that when cooperating, lead to a type of imbalance between the gatherings. The speculation states: If at least two gatherings meet up in a contact circumstance described by ethnocentrism, rivalry and a distinction in power, at that point some type of racial or ethnic separation will result (Noel, 1968, p. 163). As such, if the contact circumstance contains every one of the three of the circumstances, ethnocentrism, rivalry, and a distinction in power, at that point a type of predominant minority social structure will be made. Ethnocentrism is characterized as the propensity to pass judgment on different gatherings, social orders or ways of life by the standard of one’s own way of life (Healy, 1999, p. 175). At some level, ethnocentrism is a vital piece of human culture. Without it, individuals would tend to not obey laws, accepted practices or work with others in consistently life. Ethnocentrism can likewise make a negative impact. At its outrageous finish, it can make the view that different societies are unique, but at the same time are substandard. At the point when ethnocentrism exists at any level, a great many people follow bunch lines and will in general separate among â€Å"us† and â€Å"them† (Healy, 1999, p. 175) Rivalry is a battle over a scant item (Healy, 1999, p 175), and generally prompts partiality and segregation. In contact circumstances, the predominant gathering is the one that prove to be the best of the opposition. Rivalry can be over whatever is wanted by either gathering, or what one gathering has that different needs. The predominant gathering serves its own advantages by consummation the opposition and abusing, controlling, disposing of or ruling the minority gathering (Healy, 1999 p.176). Differential in power is the third part in a contact circumstance. There are three things that can decide the differential of intensity: the size of the gathering, the hierarchical aptitudes, and gathering initiative abilities, and the controlling of assets. A bigger, better composed gathering with more assets will commonly have the option to force its will on the minority gathering (Healy,1999, p.176). The Blauner theory, broke down in his book Racial Oppression in America (1972), recognizes two different sorts of contact circumstances, colonization and movement. Blauner’s speculation states â€Å"minority bunches made by colonization will encounter increasingly exceptional bias, prejudice, and segregation than those made by movement. Besides, the distraught status of colonized gatherings will endure longer and be more hard to defeat than the hindered status looked by bunches made by immigration† (Blauner, 1972). Colonized minority gatherings, for example, African Americans are normally constrained into minority status. The status is constrained upon them by the military and political forces employed by the greater part gathering. One model is the slave status. Colonized minorities have essentially zero chance for osmosis and are normally recognized by profoundly noticeable physical attributes. Most foreigner minority bunches have some similarity to power over where they are moving to. Hence, they for the most part keep enough of their way of life and assets to assist them with accomplishing what they make progress toward. While workers will confront issues attempting to acclimatize, they for the most part have a superior possibility than those that have been colonized. Works Cited â€Å"Bob Blauner.† Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Blauner. Licinio, J., and Ma-Li Wong. Science of Depression: from Novel Insights to Therapeutic Strategies. Weinheim, Wiley-VCH, 2005.

Nursing Career Essay -- Career Choice

I accept that nursing is both and craftsmanship and a science comprising of psychosocial and natural sciences that cooperate to persistently improve the human services field. I accept that with the information and clinical experience from the TVCC ADN program I will have the option to give the most ideal consideration to the individuals in the network. As a medical attendant it is essential to convey the characteristics of being mindful, empathetic, understanding, non critical, sensible, receptive, fair, moral, and good. I likewise feel that it is critical to keep up affectability to all societies when giving consideration. I accept that nursing care begins at the client’s birth and proceeds for the duration of their life expectancy. I accept t proceeded with care incorporates heath advancement, wellbeing support, instructing and end of life care. I...

CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE - 3300 Words

CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE (Essay Sample) Content: (Student Name) (University Name) (Date) Introduction Disobedience of unjust laws is not a recent occurrence and indeed, it has been in existence for several years largely in the form of civil disobedience. Throughout history, several people have revolted against systems they thought were unjust such as Nelson Mandela, Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Henry David Thoreau and Simon Bolivar among others. The noted political thinker Saint Augustine even argued that an unjust law should not even be considered to be law in the first place. Henry David Thoreau gave further impetus to this viewpoint in his book "Civil Disobedience" which was a reaction to the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act and the American involvement in the Mexican War which he believed were both immoral and wrong. He argued that if the law makes one to be an agent of injustice to another then it is right to break the law. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr was inspired by Thoreau to a great extent and expanded on his ideas in his book "Letter from Birmingham City Jail." They bo th used civil disobedience to improve the law and oblige society to live according to higher moral standards (Stolyarov II, 2005). On the other hand though, it is evident that society needs laws so as to function, without which chaos and lawlessness would take preeminence. Thomas Hobbes was a seventeenth century British philosopher whose most famous work was "Leviathan." The main gist of this work was that man's nature is one of strife and conflict and unless governed by rules chaos would ensue (Stolyarov II, 2005). Therefore, laws are clearly crucial for social order to prevail. However, does that necessarily mean that all laws are to be obeyed unquestioningly? This question is a highly contentious one and the following discussion shall thus attempt to answer it by analyzing the works of various authors such as Joseph Raz, Ronald Dworkin, Naomi Choi, David Lyons, Jeremy Waldron and Mark Tushnet among others to shed light on this controversial subject. A Comparative Analysis of the Various Works In Support of and Against Disobedience of Unjust Laws There are different positions held in relation to whether it is morally right to disobey an unjust law. According to Choi (2007, p. 367), there are various theoretical standpoints on the issue. On the one hand, there are the positivists all of whom believe that there is no link between morality and law. On the other side of the coin are the natural law theorists who believe that the legality and weight of a legal norm depends on their morality (p. 367). These two sides of the divide have put forward various arguments in support of these positions as evidenced in the following discussion. Before ascertaining whether or not it is morally right to disobey an unjust law, however, the same must be determined with regards to the right or lack thereof of committing a morally wrong act. According to Waldron (1991, p. 65) there really is no contradiction in arguing that someone has the legal right to do a morally wrong act. For instance, someone using his lottery money on flimsy things without donating to charity; a person joining a racist organization; people giving deliberately misinforming information on a parties policies to a simple minded voter; an athlete taking part in an event organized by racist representatives; and so on. All these examples are considered to be morally wrong yet the fact that people perform them on a regular basis shows that our opinions on morality differ drastically. All in all, in each case, while the actions were morally wrong, the individual still had the moral right to do as they pleased. The argument that one has the right to perform a morally wrong act is thus very clear-cut. More contentious, however, is the idea that one has the right to do something morally wrong. Historically, several moral philosophers have discarded this idea, an example being William Godwin who in 1798 argued that the proposition of the right to do wrong is absurd. Even in recent times, philosophers have taken on conceptions which make the moral acceptability of an action part of what is asserted when it is claimed that the action is the subject of a moral right (Waldron, 1991, p. 66). As an example, Waldron expounds that John Mackie argued that a moral right is the combination of two elements- a moral freedom and a claim- right. Since a wrong act is something we are not morally permitted to do, it follows according to Mackie's reasoning that one does not have the moral right to do something that is morally wrong. Therefore, according to this reasoning, the performance of an act that is morally wrong is unacceptable and not right. However, this assertion is too simplistic, particularly since the author failed to elaborate about what exactly a moral act is and who determines what is moral. Indeed, a major bone of contention in this debate has been with regards to the definition of what is and what isn't moral and who determines this morality. If there is no clear definition or if the existing definitions are erroneous, is it justified to expect people to comply with blurred conceptions of morality? And if a law is morally wrong, is it fair to force people to abide b y them merely because they are set in law? Philosophers, both past and present, have not been in agreement on this matter. In recent times, authors such as Joseph Raz and Ronald Dworkin have argued very passionately that there is no contradiction in the idea that a morally wrong act is the execution of ones moral right. Ronald Dworkin in his interpretivist work, Dworkin proposes a moral reading of the Constitution while acknowledging that such a position has been for the most part dismissed by a vast majority of political scientists, legal experts and constitutional theory as a whole. To justify his position, Dworkin (1998) argues that this moral principle is, for one, backed by the First Amendment which makes it wrong for the government to censor what an individual says. Dworkin correctly observes that before condemning a person who has chosen to go against the law the circumstances surrounding what the person spoke those words must first be understood so as to understand what exactly they meant to say. Therefore, in line with this view, cases of treason or libel can be defended on the basis of the freedom of speech. If one chooses to speak against a law they consider to be unjust, they should not be imprisoned or penalized for it even if what they said is against the law. This is due to the allowance of freedom of speech. Dworkin further argues that the original framers of the constitution offered equal protection for all therefore laws such as segregation laws could be challenged on the basis of this equal protection clause. Critics however disagree, arguing that the equal protection of the laws was a very general principle especially in the mid-nineteenth-century. It is very probable that the Framers viewed equal protection as not being widely inclusive and as such, Dworkin's supposition is somewhat naÃÆ'Â ¯ve and devoid of fact. The main problem with Dworkin's argument isn't with regards to the substance but with the lack of factual evidence to support his claims. He merely makes presuppositions about what he thought the framers intended to do without actually presenting factual evidence of the same. Therefore, while it is true that if one would have revolted against segregation laws on the basis of the equal protection clause it would have been a morally right action, his argument is logically w rong on the basis that the framers of the constitution did not intend to safeguard black people from segregation with the equal protection clause. Nevertheless, just because Dworkin bases much of his argument on presumptions about what he thought the framers intended particularly with regards to racial segregation, his argument that the equal protection clause legislates against it is valid. As such, civil disobedience or the disobedience of unjust within the context of the United States has merit even within the law as espoused in such clauses as the equal protection law. Rosen (1993, pg 155) agrees with Dworkin's view that disobedience of unjust laws is justified in the law but only to a certain extent, pointing out that one major philosopher, Kant, held that disobedience to unjust laws is sometimes a moral duty. However, there is no proof that Kant believed that there is a right to disobey all unjust laws. This middle ground position is quite valid considering that there are some instances in which the law indeed is unjust yet the disobedience of the same is not justified. For example, an immigration law that forbids members of one race from being granted legal citizenship or a housing law that forbids members of certain religious group from living in a certain area are all admittedly unjust. However, whereas they are unjust, the reality is that not everyone would be able to disobey them. In the first case, the individual would not be able to disobey the unjust unless they were dealing with an errant immigration official and in the second case, the individuals would have no ability to force themselves to live in this particular area regardless of how much they wanted to. In both cases, it is evident that it is impossible to disobey all unjust laws, no matter how unjust these laws may be. Raz (1979, p. 276) likewise on his part argues that disobedience to unjust laws is morally right to a certain extent. He argues that disobedience to unjust laws is divided into two: on the private/ individual basis and on the public basis. He posits that there is no moral right to civil disobedience and that if there actually is a right to civil disobedience, it is a manifestation of the failure of the law in failing to set the right limit to lawful political activity. On a public basis, civil disobe...

What You Can Learn From the FHLC

The Family History Library Catalog, the gem of the Family History Library, describes over 2 million rolls of microfilm and hundreds of thousands of books and maps. It does not contain the actual records, however, only descriptions of them - but is an important step in the digital genealogy process for learning about what records might be available for your area of interest. The records described in the Family History Library Catalog (FHLC) come from throughout the world. This catalog is also available on CD and microfiche at the Family History Library and at local Family History Centers, but to have it available for searching online is of amazing benefit. You can do much of your research from home at whatever time is convenient and, therefore, maximize your research time at your local Family History Center (FHC). To access the online version of the Family History Library Catalog go to the Familysearch homepage (www.familysearch.org) and select Library Catalog from the Library navigation tab at the top of the page. Here you are presented with the following options: Place Search - Use this option to find catalog entries about a place or for records from a place.Surname Search - Use this option to find catalog entries about records that include a specific surname, such as written family histories.Keyword Search - Use this option to find catalog entries about records that contain a certain word or phrase. You can use this to search for keywords in titles, authors, places, series, and subjects.Title Search - Use this option to find catalog entries about records that contain a certain word or combination of words in the title.Film/Fiche Search - Use a Film/Fiche Search to find the titles of items on a specific microfilm or microfiche in the Family History Library Catalog.Author Search - Use an Author Search to find the Author Details record for a person, church, society, government agency, and so forth identified as an author of a specific reference. The Author Details record lists titles linked to the author and may include notes and references.Cal l Number Search - Use a Call Number Search to find an item by its call number (the number used to locate items on the shelves in the Family History Library or the FamilySearch Center). Lets start with the place search, as this is the one that we find the most useful. The place search screen contains two boxes: PlacePart of (optional) In the first box, type the place you want to find entries for. We  would suggest that you start your search with a very specific place name, such as a city, town or county. The Family History Library contains a huge amount of information and if you search on something broad (such as a country) you will end up with too many results to wade through. The second field is optional. Since many places have the same names, you can limit your search by adding a jurisdiction (a larger geographic area that includes your search location) of the place you want to find. For example, you can add the state name in the second box after entering a county name in the first box. If you do not know the name of the jurisdiction, then just search on the location name itself. The catalog will return a list of all jurisdictions which contain that particular place name and you can then select the one which best meets your expectations. Place Search Tips Keep in mind while searching, that the names of the countries in the FHL catalog are in English, but the names of the states, provinces, regions, cities, towns and other jurisdictions are in the language of the country in which they are located. Place Search will only find the information if it is part of the place-name. For example, if we  searched for North Carolina in the above example, our results list would show places named North Carolina (there is only one - the U.S. State of N.C.), but it would not list places in North Carolina. To see places that are part of North Carolina, select View Related Places. The next screen would display all counties in North Carolina. To see the towns in one of the counties, you would click on the county, then click View Related Places again. The more specific you make your search, the shorter your lists of results will be. If you have trouble finding a specific location, dont just conclude that the catalog does not have records for that place. There are many reasons why you may be having difficulties. Before you give up your search, be sure to try the following strategies: Be sure you typed the place-name correctly.If you qualified your search with another jurisdiction, try the search again without this qualification.Search for records using a larger jurisdiction. For example, if you cannot find records for a town, search for county records. Once you locate the place for which you are looking, you will be presented with a list of places. If you qualified your search with another jurisdiction, the list should be short. If you did not qualify your search, the list may be long. If the list shows the place you want, click on the place-name to see the Place Details record. This records usually contain the following items: View Related Places  - Clicking on this button will give you a list of other places you might be interested in.Notes  - A few historical facts and details about the placeTopics  - A list of topics for which records are available that relate to the place that you are looking for. This list might include such topics as: biographies, cemeteries, census records, church records, guardianship records, history, land and property records, maps, military history, tax records, vital records, voting records, etc. To best explain what is available in the Family History Library Catalog, it is easiest to take you step-by-step through a search. Begin by doing a  place search  for Edgecombe. The only result will be for Edgecombe County, North Carolina - so next select this option. From the list of available topics for Edgecombe County, North Carolina, we are  first going to select Bible Records, as this is the first source which the Catalog Helper suggested for information on our great, great grandmothers maiden name. The next screen which comes up lists the titles and authors available for the topic which we selected. In our case, there is only one Bible Record entry listed. Topic: North Carolina, Edgecombe - Bible recordsTitles:  Bible records of early Edgecombe Williams, Ruth Smith Click on one of your result titles to learn more information. Now you are given the complete catalog entry of the title you selected. [blockquote shadeyes]Title:  Bible records of early EdgecombeStmnt.Resp.:  by Ruth Smith Williams and Margarette Glenn GriffinAuthors:  Williams, Ruth Smith (Main Author) Griffin, Margarette Glenn (Added Author)Notes:  Includes index.Subjects:  North Carolina, Edgecombe - Vital records North Carolina, Edgecombe - Bible recordsFormat:  Books/Monographs (On Fiche)Language:  EnglishPublication:  Salt Lake City: Filmed by the Genealogical Society of Utah, 1992Physical:  5 microfiche reels; 11 x 15 cm. If this title has been microfilmed, the View Film Notes button appears. Click on it to see a description of the microfilm(s) or microfiche and to obtain microfilm or microfiche numbers for ordering the film through your local Family History Center. Most items can be ordered for viewing at your local Family History Center, though a few cannot due to licensing regulations. Before ordering microfilms or microfiche, please check the Notes field for your title. Any restrictions on the use of the item will be mentioned there. [blockquote shadeyes]  Title:  Bible records of early EdgecombeAuthors:  Williams, Ruth Smith (Main Author) Griffin, Margarette Glenn (Added Author)Note:  Bible records of early EdgecombeLocation:  Film FHL US/CAN Fiche 6100369 Congratulations! Youve found it. The FHL US/CAN Fiche number in the lower right-hand corner is the number which you will need to order this film from your local family history center. Place search is probably the most useful search for the FHLC, as the librarys collection is primarily organized by location. There are several other search options open to you, however. Each of these searches has a specific purpose for which it is very useful. The searches do not allow wildcard characters (*), but do allow you to type in only part of a search term (i.e. Cri for Crisp): Surname Search A surname search is primarily used to find published family histories. It will not find surnames listed in individual microfilm records such as census records. A surname search will provide you with a list of titles of catalog entries tied to surnames that match your search and the main author for each title. Some of the published family histories are only available in book form and have not been microfilmed. Books listed in the Family History Library Catalog cannot be sent to Family History Centers. You can request that a book is microfilmed, however (ask a staff member at your FHC for help), but this may take several months if the library has to obtain copyright permission to do so. It may be faster to try to obtain the book elsewhere, such as a public library or from the publisher. Author Search This search is primarily used to find catalog entries by or about a certain person, organization, church, etc. The author search finds records which include the name you typed as the author or the subject, so it is especially useful for finding biographies and autobiographies. If you are looking for a person, type the surname in the Surname or Corporate Name box. Unless you have a very rare surname, we would also type all or part of the first name in the First Name box to help limit your search. If you are looking for an organization, type all or part of the name into the Surname or Corporate box. Film/Fiche Search Use this search to find the titles of items on a specific microfilm or microfiche. It is a very exact search and will only return the titles on the particular microfilm or microfiche number that you input. The results will include an item summary and the author for each item on the microfilm. The Film Notes may contain a more detailed description of what is on the microfilm or microfiche. To view this additional information, select the title and then click on View Film Notes. Film/Fiche search is especially useful for finding the records available on a film/fiche which is listed as a reference in Ancestral File or the IGI. We also use the film/fiche search to look for additional background on any film we plan to order because sometimes the film/fiche search will include references to other relevant microfilm numbers. Call Number Search Use this search if you know the call number of a book or other printed source (maps, periodicals, etc.) and want to learn more about what records it contains. On a book’s label, call numbers are usually printed on two or more lines. To include both lines of the call number in your search, type in the information from the top line, then a space, and then the information from the bottom line. Unlike other searches, this one is case-sensitive, so be sure to type in upper and lower case letters where appropriate. Call number search is probably the least used of all of the searches, but can still be very useful in cases where people list an item and its call number as a reference source without any indication to the information which it contains. The online Family History Library Catalog is a window to the two million plus records (print and microfilm) which the Family History Library maintains in its collection. For those of us around the world who cant easily make it to Salt Lake City, UT, it is absolutely invaluable both as an avenue for research and as a learning tool. Practice using the different searches and play around with different techniques and you may find yourself amazed at the things you find.

Media s Influence On Children - 889 Words

Mass media is the media a person sees or hears in magazines, television, radio, etc. Media images is what a person sees with their own eyes. A person can see media images through social media, the computer, television, magazines and anything else a person can see with their eyes. Gender socialization is how a person sees media. A person in any gender contributes how they see media through their expectations and attitudes. Media plays a large roll through a person’s life. Media affects the way a person’s sees themselves, how they may see the world around them, and how they think they should look or feel. The media is affecting younger children through advertisements, even their toys. Children are affected through the media by showing them what they should be playing with and how they should be acting. For example advertisements show girl children playing with Barbie’s, dolls, kitchen sets, laundry play sets, pink Legos, dancing, coloring, etc. While, adve rtisements show boy children playing with trucks, working with their tool sets, playing in the mud, helping their dads work on cars, rapping, etc. The media tries to form children into what they think is the social norm. Media shows that it’s not okay for a boy to be playing with girl toys and it’s not okay for girls to be playing with boy toys. Although, in today’s media there is more of an acceptance of boys and girls playing with toys of the opposite gender. Although, children are widely affected throughShow MoreRelatedThe Media s Influence On Children876 Words   |  4 Pages The media, including movies, television, video games, and more, is an extraordinarily prevalent entity in everyday life. Media displays many distorted images of real life, yet presents it as the ideal image of life. Those who watch the media are highly susceptible to forming false beliefs about what behavior trends are acceptable. Those who are most susceptible are children who are still forming schemas and experiencing schema accommodation; unfortunately, children between the ages of 2 and 11Read MoreMedia Influences On Children s Life1742 Words   |  7 PagesMedia influences through many types of communication systems and has a massive effect on people’s life, but are Americans fully aware that food industries generally targets children? The lawsuit brought by two teenagers, Ms. Bradley a 19 years old, weighs 270 pounds, Ms. Pelman a 14 years old, weighs 170 pounds, was whether McDonald’s was responsible for their obesity because McDonald’s did not provide the necessary information about the health risks associated with its meals that they eat. PlacingRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Black Children Essay1151 Words   |  5 PagesThe media has conditioned society into thinking that racial stereotypes are the norm. â€Å"Irish people are drunks† and â€Å"Asians are good at math† are all classic examples of common ra cial stereotypes. Author Michael Omi of â€Å"In Living Color: Race and American Culture† asserts how media presentation of minorities establishes people perspectives of â€Å"these groups†. But where do these racial stereotypes at the media fingertips originate from? It comes from the establishment of America oppressing othersRead MoreThe Role Of Media Images Influence Children s Self Image963 Words   |  4 Pageswill be on sexulization of children. I will explore the issue of the increasingly early onset of sexualized bodies and the social expectations that go along with it. Most of my paper will be about girls, but boys will also be discussed. 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Networks that provided organizational interventions had the ability to influence professionals’ interactions within theirRead MoreSocialization As Mass Media, Influence Children s Ideologies On How They Should Act891 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause it demonstrates how certain agents of socialization, particularly mass media, influence children’s ideologies on how they should act, look and feel. This ideology and contribution of social norms is supported by the article, from CBC news, suggesting how a teenage girl wants to â€Å"quit† social media in order to live in the real world. She went on to explain the reason for quitting her elite position on social media was for her 12-year-old self and how at that young age, all she wanted in lifeRead MoreMass Media Is An Integral Part Of Everyday Life989 Words   |  4 PagesMass media is an integral part of everyday life. Society depends on the various forms of media for information, education, and personal entertainme nt. Mass media positively and negatively influences beliefs, values, and expands knowledge to bring awareness to various social events. Media also impacts the way children and adolescences understanding of violence, racism, suicide, aggression, and sexual stereotyping. If viewing these portrayals is accepted, then mass media does in fact negativelyRead MoreObesity : The Disease Of The 21st Century947 Words   |  4 Pagesthe world s population now considered to be overweight or obese. There are many factors in today’s society that contribute to this growing epidemic including media, technology and demographics. With the media having more influence over our daily habits now more than ever, it is extremely easy to slip into a lifestyle that will lead to weight related health issues. By examining the ways the media influences our daily lives, one can see that the media began as a bad influence for our unhealthyRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence On People1388 Words   |  6 PagesEffect of Media Violence on People Media violence impacts the physical aggression of human beings. It is one of the many potential factors that influence the risk for violence and aggression. Research has proven that aggression in children will cause the likelihood of aggression in their adulthood. Theories have evolved that the violence present in the media most likely teaches the viewer to be more violent. It is a risky behavior that is established from the childhood. Furthermore, media violenceRead MoreEssay on The Impact of Media on Teenagers985 Words   |  4 Pages The media is a huge part in everyones lives and they have a great influence on the actions we partake in on a daily basis. Though adults dont usualy fall into the pressure of the media, young children and teenagers ae highly sussestable to what the media is telling them to do and whats cool. A major action glorified by the media is smoking and it pressures minors to take up the horrible habit as an attempt to be happy or some how be like their favori te celebrity. Media and holly wood especially

Variance Analysis and Flexible Budget

Question: Discuss about the Variance Analysis and Flexible Budget. Answer: Introduction The increased competition has forced the organizations to put in extra efforts to control the cost and improve the financial performance of the business (Berger, 2011). In the context of this, the report presented here deals with the analysis of the financial performance of Wildwood Creations Ltd for the financial year 2015-16. Comparing the budgeted figures against the actual, an extensive analysis has been performed to find out the variances and the reasons for such variances. Further, the report also covers discussion on the flexible budget being prepared for the company for the financial year 2015-16. Budget Vs Actual and Variance Analysis The company planned to operate at the capacity of 17,060 hours for the financial year 2015-16. At this capacity level, the planned revenues of the company were $947,800 with the expectations of earning $19,191 as net profit after meeting all the costs (appendix-1). However, when the actual financial performance was compared with the budgeted, it was found that the company was short by $2,917 in achieving the profits. The variance analysis was conducted to find out the reasons for the differences in the budgeted and actual profit. The variance report indicates that the revenues of the company increased by $55,390 but despite that the net profit reduced by $2,917 (appendix-2). The reduction in profit was mainly due to increase in the costs such as salaries for major repair services, material for new tables, advertisement, and office rent. Among these the biggest variance was observed to be in the salaries for major repair services, which were found to be over spent by $48,552 (Appendix-2). The actual hours worked for the financial year 2015-16 were 19,543, which exceed to the budgeted hours by 2,483 hours. The salaries for major repairs were payable on per hour basis, which implies that these were variable. Due to of being variable nature, the excess actual hours increased the spending on salaries for major repairs substantially in the financial year 2015-16. Flexible Budget The flexible budget for Wildwood Creations Ltd for the financial year 2015-16 has been shown in appendix-3 (Crosson Needles, 2010). The flexible budget depicts that the revenues of the company should have been $1,149,199.42 at the actual capacity utilization. Although, the actual revenues are greater than the budgeted figures, but, since the actual hours worked have increased to 19,543, the revenues of the company should have increased to $1,149,199.42. Further, the total variable cost was budgeted at $902,016, which, having regard to the increment in the capacity level should have been 1,033,300.04. However, since the fixed costs remain the same, therefore, the fixed costs do not change in the flexible budget (Crosson Needles, 2010). The total profit as per flexible budget is $34,699.80, which is greater than the budgeted profit of $19,191. Conclusion From the analysis, it could be articulated that the companys financial performance has been poor in the financial year 2015-16. At the actual level of capacity utilization, the company should have achieved a profit of $34,699.38 while the company earned only $16,274. In order strengthens the financial performance; the company should lower down the salary cost incurred on major repairs. For this purpose, the company can consider switching from contract base work to permanent salaried employees who will be paid on a monthly basis. References Berger, A. (2011). Standard costing, variance analysis and decision-making. GRIN Verlag. Crosson, S.V. Needles, B.E. (2010). Managerial accounting. Cengage Learning.

Lasts free essay sample

I hopped off the bus at Brush Lake, and felt the chilly morning air pinch my skin. This was the school forest I had been coming to for as long as I could remember. I felt strange knowing this would probably be the last time I’d ever come to Brush Lake on a field trip with my classmates, or come to the forest at all. In the sunlight, the dewy grass glistened like diamonds. The forest surrounded me. A state of change. The trees surrounding me had various colors of leaves. The leaves were shades of yellow, green, and brown. Dying plant life slouched toward the wet ground. I was chilled from the frosty morning air and decided to sit in the sunshine while taking in the forest. There were two paths to take in the forest, but either way, they both ended taking you full circle. I took the left path and wandered around. We will write a custom essay sample on Lasts or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A sea of leaves lay across the forest floor. On a little trail to the left of the main path was a little circle of sunshine. I decided to sit there and soak in the sun. As I sat, a leaf fluttered down, landing on my blanket. This caused me to glance up. I noticed a small tree, only about eight or nine feet in height. It was skinny – only about the width of two or three of my fingers. It had little patches of green moss dotting its trunk, from the bottom to the top. At the top were little branches filled with bright leaves. This small tree would eventually grow to reach the height and fullness of the trees surrounding it. It was beginning the process of losing its leaves for the season. As a senior in high school I will experience several lasts. The things I’ve known forever will slowly start to end, just as the leaves on the little tree will slowly start to fall off. I smelled the crisp autumn air as it gently blew around me. The musky wood-like scent reminded me that summer has ended, and soon I will face several endings myself. The first of many lasts I will experience are the sports I participate in. They’ve had a significant impact on my life. I’ve spent countless hours practicing and preparing for tennis matches and track meets. Before I know it, I’ll serve my last ball, and cross the finish line of my last race. A huge part of my life will be over. A leaf blew off the little tree and fell to the ground. I gazed out at the path and smiled to myself, knowing my classmates and I contributed to wearing down the paths over the years.My time spent with my friends will come to a close. In the blink of an eye, the lights on the football field will turn off, and all the cheering alongside my friends and classmates at the Friday night football games will disappear. Time spent sitting in my friends’ bedrooms, laughing, talking, and doing anything but homework will be gone. The smell of bonfire smoke on my clothes after a night with my friends will fade away. Another leaf dropped to the forest floor. I looked up at the trees towering above me, protecting and giving me shelter, reminding me of my parents. My time spent with them is winding down. Mornings spent eating breakfast together before school, discussing what the week’s agenda holds, slowly slip away as each day passes. Talks and hugs from mom after a tough day, my dad cracking jokes to make me feel better, will soon turn into long-distance phone calls. Another leaf floated to the ground. I glanced around at all the beautiful colored leaves in the midst of their changing. Once they fall from the tree, nothing will be the same. That exact leaf will never be placed on that tree again. Once I graduate, I’ll never be a student at my high school again. The school will no longer be my tree. My last day of school will roll around quickly. Gradation will be my biggest last of all. I will sit in my black cap and gown, listening to speeches about the years spent at this school and the life that is only beginning. Once I walk across the stage to receive my diploma, the familiar halls and faces of my teachers and classmates will become a distant memory. The last leaf fell to the ground. As I approach all these lasts in my life I will think of the little tree I observed on that chilly fall morning. I know that even though the tree is losing all its leaves, it’s getting ready to grow new ones. It will continue to grow bigger and gain more branches and leaves as the seasons pass. High school ending is only the beginning for me. I have anxiety about these changes. It won’t be easy, but I know the best is yet to come. I won’t forget all the lessons I learned to get to this point. They have helped me grow to where I am now, but it is not the end of my growing. I will go off into the world and meet new people and gain new experiences, just as the little tree will continue to grow bigger and taller, as each year passes. My time in the forest came to an end. As I walked back toward the bus, I took a fleeting look around the beautiful forest one last time. I no longer saw the forest as dying, but rather as a new beginning. I glanced out the bus window and felt a sense of calm wash over me. The sun shone brightly through the branches as the vibrant leaves gracefully floated to the ground.

Ancient Greek History Athens

Ancient Greek History Athens Ancient Greek history may reveal the secrets of the Greek glorious past, when all political and cultural life of the state was concentrated in a polis. Probably, the most powerful Greek polis was Athens. Exactly political life of Athens inspired this essay. In the writings of some prominent ancient historians one may find a lot of essential information about the political life of Athenian polis and the Athenians themselves.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ancient Greek History: Athens specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The works of these historians give an opportunity to state that in spite of the fighting and dying in wars, the Athenians contributed to the good of their polis. The essay is focused on desires and motives of the Athenians that led them to this contribution. Also, it seems to be necessary to understand how these desires and motives affected the political and cultural life of Athens. Herodotus (484-425BC) describes the sea battle of Salamis (480 BC), one of the Greek-Persian wars. The battle took place in Aegean Sea, near the island salamis. The Greeks achieved a glorious victory. The extremely powerful Athenian military fleet was a reliable stronghold of the entire ancient Greece that time. The Athenian citizens were evacuated from the polis. When the Persians were located in Athens, the Athenian army was positioned in the Eleusinian bay. In spite of the fact that the number of Persian ships excelled that of Greek ones, the masterful military strategy of the Athenians gave them an opportunity to win the battle. Herodotus writes: â€Å"†¦the Hellenic fleet reached its full number of three hundred and eighty ships† (Herodotus, 430 BC). Proceeding from the Herodotus’ writing, one may find that Themistocles, an Athenian political leader and a military general, tried to focus the Athenian power on sea, in contrast to his â€Å"bitter enemy† Aristides, who was f or the land superiority; Herodotus calls him â€Å"the best and the most just man in Athens† (Herodotus, 430 BC, LXXIX). However, their military union allowed them to win. The historian notes that it was a truly glorious sea battle: ‘Yet they were brave that day, much more brave than they had been at Euboea, for they all showed zeal out of fear of Xerxes, each one thinking that the king was watching him† (Herodotus, 430 BC,LXXXVI). This way, Themistocles’s fleet sank many Xerxes’ ships, and destroyed the army; however, some of Persian ships managed to escape. Herodotus underlines that after the victory, they were ready to fight again with Persian enemy, and prepared for other battle (Herodotus, 430 BC). Thus, the Athenians showed the military unity in the battle of Salamis. In the face of the common danger, the Greeks were able to unify their strengths, and achieved the victory.Advertising Looking for essay on ancient history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The period of tyrannical Pisistratus’ rule found its descriptions in the writings of some historians. Herodotus describes one of his sons, Hipparchus, and his assassination. Also, he writes: â€Å"the Athenians were subject for four years to a tyranny not less but even more absolute than before† (Herodotus, â€Å"The Assassination of Hipparchus, n. d.). According to Herodotus, he ruled with his brother Hippias. Hippias was responsible for economical and political aspect of Athenian life, Hipparchus was interested in the arts. The historian notes that he had a vision of his death from his dream. The representatives of Gephyraean clan (Harmodius and Aristogeiton) murdered Hipparchus. The reason is obvious: Hipparchus was in love with Aristogeiton’s woman, Harmodius; after his death, Hippias turned into an even crueler tyrant. However, the citizens could not stand it for a long time, and f inally, â€Å"the Athenians got rid of their tyrants† (Herodotus, â€Å"The Assassination of Hipparchus, 430 BC, LXV). However, Lacedaemonias’ army contributed to the tyranny end, as well. Thucydides (460-395 BC) also described the period of Pisistratus’ rule, the tyranny of his sons, and the circumstances of Hipparchus’ death. He writes: â€Å"The commons had heard how oppressive the tyranny of Pisistratus and his sons had become before it ended, and further that that tyranny had been put down at last, not by themselves and Harmodius, but by the Lacedaemonias† (Thucydides, The Assassination of Hipparchus, n. d.). As one may see, the Athenians experienced hard times under tyranny, and were able to drive the tyrannical family away. The successful revolt was a natural response to it. However, there are other essential pages in Athenian political life. In one of his writings, Thucydides mentions Theseus, king of Athens. It was the time, when there we re many independent towns near Athens. The historian states that this king was â€Å"of equal intelligence and power†, whose main organizational feature in policy was â€Å"to abolish the council chambers and magistrates of the petty cities, and to merge them in the single council-chamber and town-hall of the present capital† (Thucydides, 431 BC, XV). As Athena was the main goddess honored buy the Athenians, Theseus established the traditional feast: Synoecia. Thucydides believes that â€Å"from him dates the Synoecia, or Feast of Union; which is paid for by the state, and which the Athenians still keep in honor of the goddess† (Thucydides, 431 BC, XV). Thus, the king preserved the Athenian traditions, and became one of the Greek heroes. Nevertheless, the peaceful golden period finished, and Athens was involved in the military conflict. Thucydides dedicated several works to the Peloponnesian war, where Sparta (Dorians) and Athens (Ionians) took part. There was a long tension between them; the reason lies in their political life. Athens was a democratic polis, while Sparta’s political rule was oligarchy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ancient Greek History: Athens specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thucydides mentions Pericles as a famous Athenian ruler (Thucydides, 431 BC). Under his rule, Athens experienced the golden peak of their political, economic and cultural development. He turned Athens into the sea mistress: the polis had the most powerful fleet in ancient Greece. However, Peloponnesian war became the fatal event in the history of Athens. It was a tragic page of the Athenians; many citizens died in that war. In his work, Thucydides describes the funeral and Pericles’ oration. The author writes: â€Å"the dead are laid in the public sepulcher in the most beautiful suburb of the city, in which those who fall in war are always buried† (Thucydides, 431 BC, XXXIV). The Athenian ruler, Pericles pronounced his eulogium on the elevated platform near the sepulcher. His embittered speech was saturated with deep patriotism and bitterness of defeat. Pericles recollected the glorious background of the Athenians. Also, Pericles mentioned that the Athenian constitution is unique that makes democratic, liberal and highly-developed Athens a pattern for others to follow. He stresses the powerful military policy that makes Athens different from its antagonists. He tells the following words: â€Å"We throw open our city to the world, and never by alien acts exclude foreigners from any opportunity of learning or observing, although the eyes of the enemy may occasionally profit by our liberality; trusting less in system and policy than to the native spirit of our citizens; while in education, where our rivals from their very cradles by a painful discipline seek after manliness, at Athens we live exactly as we please, and yet are just as ready to encounter every legitimate danger† (Thucydides, 431 BC, XXXIX). It is obvious that the Athens ruler realizes all the valor of those who died in one of numerous Peloponnesian wars. Pericles’ speech reflects all the glorious pages of Athenian history and military policy of their neighbors. However, Thucydides draws reader’s attention to another episode of the Peloponnesian war. In one of his works, he describes Mytilenian debate that occurred in Athens in the period of the Peloponnesian wars. In general, these wars were the result of political and ethnical diversity of Greece, where the Athenian played the role of authoritative centre. Nevertheless, the Mytilenians’ (from the island Lesbos) rebellion that signed their desire to defeat Athenian authority, did not have success, and the Athenians divided most of the Lesbian land (Thucydides, 427 BC). The analyzed historians’ works give an opportunity to make some general conclusions about political m otives and desires of the Athenians in the period, when Athens was considered to be the powerful political and cultural centre. The glorious battle of Salamis proves the Athenians’ desire to defeat the foreign enemy, the Persians.Advertising Looking for essay on ancient history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The victory of Greeks would be impossible without powerful military unity of several Greek peoples (Ionians, Dorians, etc.). Moreover, the Athenians managed to overthrew their tyrants (Pisistratus and his sons) that showed their negative reaction to the tyranny (Athens was a democratic polis). However, ancient Greece flooded in internecine wars, and the Peloponnesian wars worsened the political situation for the Athenians. Nevertheless, such prominent figures as Theseus and Pericles were those political leaders that improved the life of the Athenians. Sea military power, constitution and successful political way of life gave Athens an opportunity to prove their significance.

Analysis Of Girodets The Revolt At Cairo

Analysis Of Girodets The Revolt At Cairo At first glance, the eye is immediately drawn to the naked Arab man on the right. His sword is raised in defence of the French charge; his left arm cradles a stricken Mamluk warrior in lavish attire. To the left of the painting is a French soldier advancing on the rebels with sword raised in obvious intent, stepping over the body of a fallen native who is dressed in classical white robes. At the centre of the piece is a helmeted hussar, looking up at the Arab warrior with a steely resolve; sword pulled back in anticipation. Underneath him is a turbaned black man in the thick of the melee, with a raised dagger in one hand and the head of a French soldier in the other. The scale of the work is massive (365 x 500 cm), and the brushwork is very fine in the classical style, leaving little evidence of the brush strokes on the canvas. Beyond the highlighted characters, Girodet employs a fairly dark palette of reds and browns, in keeping with the everyday, grubby violence of the scene, and to better accentuate the main players. This combination of light and shade lends the painting a great depth of field. The light falls from the upper-left of the picture plane, but the figures are arranged in such a way that only the Mamluk warrior and his Arab protector are fully illuminated. They are very alluring to the eye, and Girodet seems to have taken great care to invest them with much humanity. The naked warrior is depicted in a classically sculpted pose, a look of sickened horror on his face at the sight of a French offensive in the mosque. The charging Hussar’s face on the other hand, is portrayed in deep shadow under his raised sword arm, obscuring his features and thus demoting his status. Although there is no actual blood depicted in the piece, the flashes of red on the hussar’s trousers and the Mamluk’s cloak provide a striking suggestion. It is important for us not to assume the artist’s thinking or impose our own moral agenda on the piece . However, it is difficult not to come away from the painting with our sympathies leaning towards the exotic figures. This was undoubtedly not the commissioned intent, but Girodet’s subversion seems to be quite evident. The most obvious distinction between the two main protagonists is that the naked warrior is in a defensive stance, and protecting the Mamluk into the bargain, while the French hussar is very much on the attack. In a distortion of French Neoclassicism, Girodet bestows all the desirable attributes of classical tradition: bravery, honour, loyalty, on the indigenous. Their illuminated faces seem to portray the majesty of all human emotion in this moment of high melodrama, while the hussar, lessened by his own shadow, is reduced to a cipher for French military ambition and ignominious cultural disregard. He is violently portrayed, with a single-mindedness of purpose and no compassionate aspect: A whirling automaton in service to the Empire.

Evaluating practice through theories and models Essay

Evaluating practice through theories and models - Essay Example These nursing theories essentially provide the scientific bases for the claim that nursing is not only an art but also a science (Parker 2010). In this essay, three nursing theories will be analysed and criticised purposely to understand and learn how to effectively use these theories in everyday nursing practices. Then, Dorothea Orem’s self-care deficit theory will be applied to a case study (see Appendix 1). Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring The Theory of Human Caring, according to Watson (2000), was developed between 1975-1979 as her initial attempt to distinguish nursing from other health professions by combining the seemingly irreconcilable concepts of science and caring. She also regards her theory as â€Å"a humanistic approach to nursing that emphasizes human-to-human responsiveness rooted in upholding humanistic values† (Kim 2006, p.301), as she pays attention not only on patients but also on nurses, believing that both are interconnected. Watson (200 0, p. 2) expands this further by explaining that nursing like teaching is not simply a job that can be mechanically done, but it is â€Å"a life-giving and life-receiving profession for a lifetime of growth and learning† which only becomes possible if caring is incorporated in nurses’ daily works and lives. Thus what distinguishes the nursing profession is caring and love. Watson’s theory is a good reminder to nurses of four important points: that the patients are all human beings that deserve equal care and love; that the knowledge and skills of nurses are only tools to assist them in which therapeutic effect depends on how much nurses care; that healing is a two way-process both in going through the healing process and in benefitting from it; and that nursing as a caring profession is a humane profession because without care humanity may perish. Furthermore Suliman et al.’s (2009) study, which aimed to assess the effectiveness of Watson’s theory in a multi-cultural environment found that Watson’s theory is measurable using the caring Behaviour Assessment Tool and is applicable to patients of various cultural backgrounds. However, it may be argued that Watson’s theory is too subjective as it greatly depends on the nurse’s commitment and caring consciousness. Every individual has his/her own way of expressing and accepting care. Thus, the expression of Watson’s theory may vary along individual personalities and cultural backgrounds of nurses and patients. Remaining two models will be discussed in the assignment 1. Case study, Applying Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory (Case: see Appendix 1) Introduction The author chose the application of Orem’s Self-Care Deficit theory on this case for two important reasons. Firstly, the aim of Orem’s theory fits well in the case. Secondly, Orem’s nursing process is clearly defined in terms of objective and technical components. Thus, thi s will be a good learning exercise for the author as to how nursing for self-care is conducted. In Orem’s theory (1959-2001), the nursing process is the method by which nurses can determine the person’

Theme, Charractor Development, and Symbolism in The Fall of The House Research Paper

Theme, Charractor Development, and Symbolism in The Fall of The House of Usher - Edgar Allen Poe - Research Paper Example The personification of the mansion implies a lot of things which is discussed in this paper along with the theme and character development in the story. Edgar Allan Poe is considered as one of the unhappiest nineteenth century American poets, who wrote great horror tales and detective stories. His works can be included the gothic genre, and dealt mainly with deaths, unknown diseases and madness. The peculiarity of his themes arises from the mishaps in the life of Poe. He lost his parents at a very early age, his brother died when he was young and his only sister became insane later. â€Å"In his supernatural fiction Poe usually dealt with paranoia rooted in personal psychology, physical or mental enfeeblement, obsessions, the damnation of death, feverish fantasies, the cosmos as source of horror and inspiration†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Edgar Allen Poe (1809-1849)). ‘The Fall of the House of Usher’ is one of his best short stories, in which he narrates the story of an insane man, Roderick, who buries his twin sister alive out of mere superstition only to find her returning after a few days. Roderick dies out of terror as the sist er dies and falls onto him. In this paper, the theme, character development and symbolism in the story, is going to be discussed. The main theme in the story is the decline of an ancient incestuous family and the psychological effects it has on its members and probably the physical effect on the mansion. There are various interpretations about the theme in the story. The story narrates the theme of duality with the characterization of Roderick and his sister. It means that Roderick and Madeline, his sister are not two people, but one. The old mansion gets destroyed with the death of Roderick and his sister, giving a direct relation between the members of the family and the mansion. â€Å"An interpretation of the story is that the Usher House represents the main character’s psyche or personality. The fissures

Critical Book Review of No Shame in My Game by Katherine Newman Essay

Critical Book Review of No Shame in My Game by Katherine Newman When someone thinks of the poor they instantly imagine a homeless man sleeping in a cardboard box or the nearest garbage can, but the working poor especially in the inner-city is commonly overlooked by society. However the working poor, in this case the working poor in the inner-city, are people advancing to try and make their lives better. They are taking minimum wage jobs so that they can barely afford a roof over their heads. Within Katherine Newman?s novel No Shame In My Game, she studies the working poor in the inner-city to draw conclusions about how to help them and dispute common stereotypes and the images people commonly view. Newman?s conclusions along with the way she had conducted her case study will be evaluated for her positive and negative points while searching for any biases she may have portrayed within her novel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Even before I started reading Katherine Newman?s novel No Shame In My Game I had learned a little about Newman?s background, which may cause her to have a bias towards her case study. Newman is clearly within the middle class even perhaps towards the upper end. She is a Harvard anthropologist that would seem to have never experienced such situations as her subjects. Like most of the middle class she could simply have thought that the poor were only the few men in cardboard boxes in rough neighborhoods and not truly consider the working poor in the inner-city until the case study was started and her thesis written. This could greatly affect her procedures in observing data with her hundreds of subjects over the span of a few years. The thinking of someone who is not within the working class may flaw the order and process at which the case study was conducted. There may be variables that Newman did not consider and did not research that could change her data and con clusions. Using the social scientific method to collect data and revise her hypothesis involves knowing all the angles and variables that are applied, but if an extra variable were to present itself it would call for a change in the hypothesis. This one change could alter all of Newman?s conclusions and data she presents. Newman presents her supporting evidence largely with statistics although I do not believe many of her statistics are real world numbers for her exact case study but her observ... ... values as the middle class does. The working class has to first follow the same cultural values as the middle class if they hope to one day become part of the middle class. This thinking is not entirely flawed but unfortunately it is not enough to raise ones ranking in society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Newman had set out to answer a question: ?What might be done to reverse this scenario [the working poor being subjected to a worse lifestyle than the unemployed on welfare] (and what can be done) to build upon the advantages that a life on the job offers? (Newman, xv). I believe she had answered her question in a manner that proves useful and insightful. The conclusions that Newman had drawn where evaluated to being positive on some aspects while neutral on others. However I do not agree with some methods she used and data she used within her case study but nonetheless it still grants the audience a clear view of the working poor in the inner-city. Her slight bias could have caused her to conduct the research and study in a less accurate manner but she has proceeded to explain her train of thought well through the novel. As a whole Newman?s case study grants a view into the ?true? poor of America.

Internet Predators Essay

Internet predators and pedophiles are a major concern of our country today. The danger and potential risks that these men are committing on children has to be stopped right from the start Law enforcement and local police have set up predator crack down teams to lure and catch these sexual deviants and get them out of the suburbs and towns before they can cause any harm. The police use entrapment in certain cases to convict and put away these men which some say is unethical and a violation of these men’s rights. Defense attorneys are arguing that police unrightfully cause these men to commit crimes and that these men would have never tried to solicit these girls if it weren’t for the police starting the conversations. The only productive method of catching these men is by causing them to act upon their feelings and lure them to get with these girls. Though unethical, I believe that the methods these police use are the only ways to stop them from committing these crimes and endangering society’s children. Child molestation cases are hidden from the public in order to preserve the privacy of the victim. The downside to this is that this also protects the criminals. Studies revealed that only a small percentage of people accused of child molestation have their names published. A smaller number of cases are even printed in articles. What we mostly see in the papers are the arrests and the arraignment. The outcomes of the cases are rarely heard. (Copp, 42) As much as the internet has become quite helpful in technology and interconnectedness, it has also placed the lives of our children at risk. Sexual predators lurk the worldwide web because they can be anonymous when they are on the internet. A child has no idea who he or she is actually talking to. The sexual predator can present himself as a relative or a school friend. It is hard to tell who the actual person is on the other end. Before, sexual predators interact with the children on the playground. Today, they can do the exact same thing while the children are in the comfort of their own homes. (Philaretou, 2) Child sexual exploitation can happen to anyone – regardless of their ethnic, social, economic and religious background. The internet increases the chances of this occurring because it is a worldwide and powerful medium. Pedophiles and sexual predators can easily turn their computer on and log on to the web and easily get the names and addresses of their victims. As sick as this may sound, the reality of it is that there are a number of child predators who get together and swap child pornography through their internet connection. They share their conquests and discuss ways on how they can lure more children online. They also exchange seduction techniques. These excite their addiction so they go for the hunt even more. (Philaretou, 3) Through these group conversations on the internet, the sexual predators exchange techniques on how they can avoid being detected by the police. When they are not on the internet, pedophiles and sexual predators are loners. They do not commune as much with other people as they do so when they are online. (Philaretou, 4) The most common way for sexual predators to interact with children through the internet is by visiting chat rooms and exchanging instant messages and email. Sexual solicitations are made even as you read this very statement. 25% of kids participate in real time chat and a number of them are already interacting with a predator – whether they be aware of this or not. (Philaretou, 5) This becomes a problem because predators establish an intimate relationship with their potential victims through their online interaction. Teenagers use online forums in order to deal with their problems. This is the very first place predators go to in order to look for their victims. They seduce their targets through affection, kindness and time. They exert so much effort to establish a trust with them through the internet. They know the interests of their victims, such as the latest movies, TV shows, music, books and sports, in order to converse with them more. (Kincaid, 65) They sympathize with their targets by listening to their problems. As soon as the trust has been formed, that is when the sexual predator slowly introduces sexual content to their conversations. Some even shows the child sexually explicit photographs or videos. Worse, these sexual predators may even schedule a victim with their targets so they can meet and personally interact with one another – which often leads to rape, sexual exploitation, kidnapping and worse, murder. (Kincaid, 66) Because of this problem, television and media do what they can in order to alleviate the problem. Dateline NBC created a series titled â€Å"To Catch a Predator† intended to catch child sexual abusers before they actually do the deed. By using hidden cameras, these investigations have an undercover sting operation assisted by an online watchdog group called Perverted-Justice. The police are active participants in the procedure. These lead to the arrests of sexual predators. (Drake, 34) To elaborate it further, this is how â€Å"To Catch a Predator† does it. They build the profiles of minor children on networking websites. They also enter the chat rooms disguised as children and teenagers. They wait for an adult to be the first to message them. The dialogue begins. Once the conversation becomes sexual, the police encourage them even more by making it appear that minors want to know more. Through this interaction, the legal officers are already gathering evidence from the alleged sexual predator. These come in the form of conversations of sexual content via chat or email, pornography and pictures. (Burgess, 122) This brings us to the argument presented in the introductory paragraph of this paper. The sexual predators claim that it is the police who start asking them about solicitation. This is the policemen’s method of entrapment. Sexual predators believe that through the conversations triggered by the police, they wouldn’t be soliciting girls in the first place. This is the case of extreme measures. The police must do something ‘unethical’ in order to prevent an act that is more ‘unethical’ (raping a minor) to happen in the first place.

HARRIS Surname Meaning and Origin

Harris is generally considered to mean son of Harry. The given name Harry is a derivation of Henry, meaning home-ruler. Like many patronymic surnames, the surnames HARRIS and HARRISON are often found used interchangeably in early records - sometimes with the same family. Harris is the 24th most popular surname in the United States according to the 2000 census and the 22nd most common surname in England. Surname Origin: English, WelshAlternate Surname Spellings: HARRISON, HARIS, HARRIES, HARRISS, HARRYS, HARYS, HERRICE, HERRIES Fun Facts The popular Harris Tweed cloth takes its name from the Isle of Harris in Scotland. The cloth was originally handwoven by islanders on the Isles of Harris, Lewis, Uist and Barra in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland, using local wool. Famous People with the Surname HARRIS Arthur Harris - Marshal Arthur Bomber Harris, Commander in Chief of the Royal Air Force Bomber Command during World War IIFranco Harris - NFL running back, Pittsburgh Steelers. Best known for his immaculate reception during a 1972 AFC divisional playoff gameBernard Harris - 1st African-American to walk in spaceJillian Harris - star of the reality TV show The Bachelorette, 5th seasonNeil Patrick Harris - American actorMary Harris - early 1900s labor organizer; best known as Mother Jones Genealogy Resources for the Surname HARRIS Harris Y-DNA Project: If you are a male and have the Harris (or a variant spelling of the) surname, then this Y-DNA project invites you to join to help establish as many Harri lines as possible.HARRIS/HARRIES/HERRIES/HARRISS Genealogy: Genealogist Glenn Gohr has compiled a nice collection of information and genealogy on Thomas Harris (c. 1586 of England and Virginia, as well as general information about the Harris surname.Harris Family Genealogy Forum: Search this popular genealogy forum for the Harris surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Harris query. There is also a separate forum for the HARRISON surname.FamilySearch - HARRIS Genealogy: Find records, queries, and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Harris surname and its variations.HARRIS Surname Family Mailing Lists: RootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Harris surname.Cousin Connect - HARRIS Genealogy Queries: Read or post genealogy queries for the su rname Harris, and sign up for free notification when new Harris queries are added.DistantCousin.com - HARRIS Genealogy Family History: Free databases and genealogy links for the last name Harris. Cant find your last name listed? Suggest a surname to be added to the Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins. Sources: Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005.Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004.Hanks, Patrick, and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.